catalog-algorithms

Classic algorithm implementations across programming languages, measured by the BenchCommons toolset. It starts with Hello World in 452 languages.

This repository is the BenchCommons catalog of classic algorithm implementations across languages: n-body, fannkuch-redux, spectral-norm, binary-trees, mandelbrot, sorting, searching, hashing and others. Every implementation uses a pinned toolchain and has its output checked against a canonical expected output before it is measured for time, memory and energy with perfratio through benchmark-tool. The roadmap is tracked in issue #11 and in docs/specs/.

It starts from Hello World, the first program almost everyone writes in a new language since Brian Kernighan used it in 1974. Hello World does almost no work, so it is the startup-cost baseline for each language: the time and memory a toolchain needs before any algorithm runs. The catalog has it in 452 languages: every language in the TIOBE Index top 100, the languages that shaped computing history, the new languages people are talking about, Brazilian languages, and a long tail of assembly, shell, scientific, hardware, markup and esoteric languages.

377 of 452 programs (83%) are checked on every push by GitHub Actions on Linux, macOS and Windows:

• ✅ 346 run and their output is checked to contain "Hello World";
• 🔧 31 are compiled or validated with the language's official tool, for languages that cannot print text (shaders, smart contracts, hardware, configuration) or have no free runtime.

Contents

• TIOBE Index — Top 50
• TIOBE Index — 51 to 100
• Historical languages
• Modern & trending languages
• More general-purpose languages
• Assembly, IR & bytecode
• Shells & automation
• Scientific, math & statistics
• Query languages
• Hardware, GPU & quantum
• Smart contracts
• Game & embedded scripting
• Markup, templates & web
• Configuration, build & infrastructure
• Brazilian languages 🇧🇷
• Esoteric languages
• Running the tests
• Contributing

TIOBE Index — Top 50

Ranking from the TIOBE Index of September 2026. Rankings change every month; the list is a snapshot. Purely graphical languages (Scratch, LabVIEW, Ladder Logic) have no text syntax, so their files contain a textual representation.

#	Language	File	CI	Notes
1	Python	HelloWorld.py	✅
2	C	HelloWorld.c	✅
3	C++	HelloWorld.cpp	✅
4	Java	HelloWorld.java	✅
5	C#	HelloWorld.cs	✅
6	JavaScript	HelloWorld.js	✅
7	Visual Basic	HelloWorld.vb	✅
8	SQL	HelloWorld.sql	✅
9	R	HelloWorld.r	✅
10	Rust	HelloWorld.rs	✅
11	Fortran	HelloWorld.f90	✅
12	Go	HelloWorld.go	✅
13	Delphi / Object Pascal	HelloWorld.dpr	✅
14	PHP	HelloWorld.php	✅
15	Scratch	HelloWorld.txt		textual (scratchblocks) form
16	Assembly language	HelloWorld.asm	✅	MASM/TASM, DOS int 21h
17	Ada	helloworld.adb	✅
18	Swift	HelloWorld.swift	✅
19	Objective-C	HelloWorld.m	✅
20	COBOL	HelloWorld.cob	✅
21	Julia	HelloWorld.jl	✅
22	Ruby	HelloWorld.rb	✅
23	Perl	HelloWorld.pl	✅
24	SAS	HelloWorld.sas
25	Classic Visual Basic	HelloWorld.bas
26	Kotlin	HelloWorld.kt	✅
27	MATLAB	HelloWorld.m	✅	also runs in GNU Octave
28	Caml	HelloWorld.ml	✅
29	Prolog	HelloWorld.pro	✅
30	GML	HelloWorld.gml
31	Lua	HelloWorld.lua	✅
32	PowerShell	HelloWorld.ps1	✅
33	D	HelloWorld.d	✅
34	PL/SQL	HelloWorld.pls	✅
35	ABAP	HelloWorld.abap	✅
36	Transact-SQL	HelloWorld.sql	✅
37	VBScript	HelloWorld.vbs	✅
38	OCaml	HelloWorld.ml	✅
39	TypeScript	HelloWorld.ts	✅
40	Zig	HelloWorld.zig	✅
41	Dart	HelloWorld.dart	✅
42	X++	HelloWorld.xpp
43	Lisp	HelloWorld.lisp	✅
44	Scala	HelloWorld.scala	✅
45	LabVIEW	HelloWorld.txt		graphical; textual description
46	Ladder Logic	HelloWorld.txt		graphical; ASCII rung
47	VHDL	HelloWorld.vhd	✅
48	XSLT	HelloWorld.xsl	✅
49	Haskell	HelloWorld.hs	✅
50	(Visual) FoxPro	HelloWorld.prg

TIOBE Index — 51 to 100

TIOBE publishes positions 51–100 unranked, in alphabetical order.

Language	File	CI	Notes
ActionScript	HelloWorld.as
Apex	HelloWorld.cls
AppleScript	HelloWorld.applescript	✅
Awk	HelloWorld.awk	✅
Bash	HelloWorld.bash	✅
bc	HelloWorld.bc	✅
BCPL	HelloWorld.bcpl	✅
Bourne shell	HelloWorld.sh	✅
C shell	HelloWorld.csh	✅
CFML	HelloWorld.cfm	✅
CL (OS/400)	HelloWorld.clle
Clojure	HelloWorld.clj	✅
CoffeeScript	HelloWorld.coffee	✅
cT	HelloWorld.t
ECMAScript	HelloWorld.mjs	✅
EGL	HelloWorld.egl
Elixir	HelloWorld.exs	✅
Erlang	helloworld.erl	✅
F#	HelloWorld.fs	✅
GAMS	HelloWorld.gms
Groovy	HelloWorld.groovy	✅
Io	HelloWorld.io	✅
J	HelloWorld.ijs	✅
J#	HelloWorld.jsl
JScript	HelloWorld.js	✅	Windows Script Host
Logo	HelloWorld.logo	✅
ML	HelloWorld.sml	✅
MS-DOS batch	HelloWorld.bat	✅
NetLogo	HelloWorld.nls
Nim	HelloWorld.nim	✅
OpenCL	HelloWorld.cl	🔧
PL/I	HelloWorld.pli	✅
PowerScript	HelloWorld.powerscript
Pure Data	HelloWorld.pd	✅	patch file; prints to the Pd console
PureBasic	HelloWorld.pb
Q	HelloWorld.q
REBOL	HelloWorld.reb	✅
Ring	HelloWorld.ring	✅
Scheme	HelloWorld.scm	✅
Solidity	HelloWorld.sol	🔧
Structured Text	HelloWorld.st	🔧	IEC 61131-3
Tcl	HelloWorld.tcl	✅
tcsh	HelloWorld.tcsh	✅
thinBasic	HelloWorld.tbasic
V	HelloWorld.v
Xbase++	HelloWorld.prg	✅
XC	HelloWorld.xc	✅
Xojo	HelloWorld.xojo_code
XPL	HelloWorld.xpl
Z shell	HelloWorld.zsh	✅

Historical languages

Languages that shaped programming, ordered by the year they first appeared.

Language	Year	File	CI	Notes
MAD	1959	HELLO.mad		Michigan Algorithm Decoder
RPG	1959	HelloWorld.rpgle		modern free-form RPG IV
ALGOL 60	1960	HelloWorld.alg	✅
JOSS	1963	HelloWorld.joss
BASIC	1964	HelloWorld.bas	✅
JCL	1964	HELLO.jcl		IBM mainframe Job Control Language
ALGOL W	1966	HelloWorld.alw	✅
APL	1966	HelloWorld.apl	✅
MUMPS (M)	1966	HelloWorld.m	✅
Simula	1967	HelloWorld.sim	✅
SNOBOL4	1967	HelloWorld.sno	✅
ALGOL 68	1968	HelloWorld.a68	✅
FOCAL	1968	HelloWorld.foc	✅
B	1969	HelloWorld.b	✅
Forth	1970	HelloWorld.fth	✅
Pascal	1970	HelloWorld.pas	✅
INTERCAL	1972	HelloWorld.i	✅
Smalltalk	1972	HelloWorld.st	✅
COMAL	1973	HelloWorld.lst	✅
Ratfor	1974	HelloWorld.r	✅
CLU	1975	HelloWorld.clu
Commodore BASIC	1977	HelloWorld.bas	✅
Icon	1977	HelloWorld.icn	✅
Hope	1978	HelloWorld.hop	✅
Modula-2	1978	HelloWorld.mod	✅
dBase	1979	HelloWorld.prg	✅
REXX	1979	HelloWorld.rexx	✅
BBC BASIC	1981	HelloWorld.bbc	✅
PostScript	1982	HelloWorld.ps	✅
Turing	1982	HelloWorld.t
occam	1983	HelloWorld.occ
Standard ML	1983	HelloWorld.sml	✅
Verilog / SystemVerilog	1984	HelloWorld.sv	✅
Clipper	1985	HelloWorld.prg	✅
Miranda	1985	HelloWorld.mira	✅
Eiffel	1986	hello_world.e	✅
ABC	1987	HelloWorld.abc	✅
HyperTalk	1987	HelloWorld.hypertalk
Oberon	1987	HelloWorld.Mod	✅
Self	1987	HelloWorld.self
Lingo	1988	HelloWorld.ls
Modula-3	1988	Main.m3	✅
Sather	1990	HelloWorld.sa
TI-BASIC	1990	HELLO.8xp.txt		TI-83/84 calculators
QBasic	1991	HELLO.BAS	✅
NewtonScript	1993	HelloWorld.nwt	✅
Limbo	1995	HelloWorld.b
LotusScript	1995	HelloWorld.lss
Python 2	2000	HelloWorld.py	✅

Modern & trending languages

New or fast-growing languages that are not (yet) in the TIOBE top 100.

Language	File	CI	Notes
Ballerina	HelloWorld.bal	✅
Bend	HelloWorld.bend	✅
C3	HelloWorld.c3	✅
Carbon	HelloWorld.carbon	✅	experimental
Chapel	HelloWorld.chpl	✅
Crystal	HelloWorld.cr	✅
Elm	Main.elm	🔧
Gleam	HelloWorld.gleam	✅
Grain	HelloWorld.gr	✅
Hare	HelloWorld.ha	✅
Haxe	HelloWorld.hx	✅
Inko	HelloWorld.inko	✅
Jai	HelloWorld.jai		closed beta
Koka	helloworld.kk	✅
Lean 4	HelloWorld.lean	✅
Mojo	HelloWorld.mojo	✅
MoonBit	HelloWorld.mbt	✅
Odin	HelloWorld.odin	✅
Pony	HelloWorld.pony	✅
Q#	HelloWorld.qs	✅
Racket	HelloWorld.rkt	✅
Raku (Perl 6)	HelloWorld.raku	✅
ReScript	HelloWorld.res	✅
Roc	HelloWorld.roc	✅
Unison	HelloWorld.u	✅
Vala	HelloWorld.vala	✅
WebAssembly (WAT)	HelloWorld.wat	✅

More general-purpose languages

Functional, logic, object-oriented and scripting languages outside the TIOBE top 100.

Language	File	CI	Notes
Agda	HelloWorld.agda	✅
Alice ML	HelloWorld.aml
Arc	HelloWorld.arc	✅
AssemblyScript	HelloWorld.ts	✅
ATS	HelloWorld.dats	✅
Austral	HelloWorld.aum	✅
AutoLISP	HelloWorld.lsp
Babashka	HelloWorld.bb	✅
Beef	Program.bf
Berry	HelloWorld.be	✅
Boo	HelloWorld.boo	✅
Carp	HelloWorld.carp	✅
Ceylon	run.ceylon	✅
CHICKEN Scheme	HelloWorld.scm	✅
Civet	HelloWorld.civet	✅
Clean	HelloWorld.icl	✅
ClojureScript	HelloWorld.cljs	✅
Cobra	HelloWorld.cobra	✅
COOL	HelloWorld.cl		Classroom Object Oriented Language; two variants
Cpp2 (cppfront)	HelloWorld.cpp2	✅
Curry	HelloWorld.curry	✅
Cyclone	HelloWorld.cyc
Dafny	HelloWorld.dfy	✅
Dylan	hello-world.dylan	✅
Emacs Lisp	HelloWorld.el	✅
Eta	Main.hs	✅
Euphoria	HelloWorld.ex	✅
F*	HelloWorld.fst	🔧
Factor	hello-world.factor	✅
Fantom	HelloWorld.fan	✅
Fennel	HelloWorld.fnl	✅
FreeBASIC	HelloWorld.bas	✅
Frege	HelloWorld.fr	✅
G-Portugol	HelloWorld.gpt	✅	open source Portugol compiler, 2005
Genie	HelloWorld.gs	✅
Golo	HelloWorld.golo	✅
Gosu	HelloWorld.gsp	✅
Hack	HelloWorld.hack	✅
HolyC	HelloWorld.HC	✅
Hy	HelloWorld.hy	✅
Hylo	HelloWorld.hylo	✅
Idris	HelloWorld.idr	✅
Imba	HelloWorld.imba	✅
Jakt	HelloWorld.jakt
Janet	HelloWorld.janet	✅
Joy	HelloWorld.joy	✅
Juliar	HelloWorld.jrl
Kotlin Script	HelloWorld.main.kts	✅
LFE	HelloWorld.lfe	✅
LiveScript	HelloWorld.ls	✅
Lobster	HelloWorld.lobster	✅
Logtalk	hello_world.lgt	✅
Mercury	helloworld.m	✅
MoonScript	HelloWorld.moon	✅
Nelua	HelloWorld.nelua	✅
Nemerle	HelloWorld.n
NetRexx	HelloWorld.nrx	✅
newLISP	HelloWorld.lsp	✅
Objective-J	HelloWorld.j	✅
Oxygene	HelloWorld.pas
Oz	HelloWorld.oz	✅
Pawn	HelloWorld.pwn	✅
Picat	hello_world.pi	✅
PicoLisp	HelloWorld.l	✅
Pike	HelloWorld.pike	✅
Portugol (VisuAlg)	HelloWorld.alg	✅	pseudocode used to teach programming in Brazil
Portugol Studio	HelloWorld.por	✅	UNIVALI
Potigol	HelloWorld.poti	✅	IFRN, functional language in Portuguese
Processing	HelloWorld.pde	✅
PureScript	Main.purs	✅
ReasonML	HelloWorld.re	✅
Red	HelloWorld.red	✅
Rocq (Coq)	HelloWorld.v	✅
Seed7	HelloWorld.sd7	✅
Shen	HelloWorld.shen	✅
Small Basic	HelloWorld.sb
Terra	HelloWorld.t	✅
Toit	hello.toit	✅
Umka	HelloWorld.um	✅
Unicon	HelloWorld.icn	✅
Vale	HelloWorld.vale	✅
Wren	HelloWorld.wren	✅
X10	HelloWorld.x10	✅
Xtend	HelloWorld.xtend	✅
Zephir	World.zep	✅
Égua / Delégua	HelloWorld.egua	✅	Delégua is a fork of Égua and runs .egua files

Assembly, IR & bytecode

Machine-level languages for specific architectures and virtual machines.

Language	File	CI	Notes
Assembly (6502, Commodore 64)	HelloWorld.asm	🔧	64tass syntax; SYS 49152 to run
Assembly (ARM64, Linux)	HelloWorld.s	✅
Assembly (ARM64, macOS)	HelloWorld.s	✅
Assembly (MIPS, SPIM/MARS)	HelloWorld.asm	✅
Assembly (RISC-V, Linux)	HelloWorld.s	✅
Assembly (x86-64, Linux, NASM)	HelloWorld.asm	✅
Assembly (Z80, CP/M)	HELLO.ASM	✅
C--	HelloWorld.cmm
CIL (.NET IL)	HelloWorld.il	✅
JVM bytecode (Jasmin)	HelloWorld.j	✅
LLVM IR	HelloWorld.ll	✅
MMIX	HelloWorld.mms	✅	Donald Knuth's architecture from The Art of Computer Programming

Shells & automation

Command shells, OS scripting and desktop automation.

Language	File	CI	Notes
AutoHotkey	HelloWorld.ahk
AutoIt	HelloWorld.au3
Dash	HelloWorld.sh	✅
dc	HelloWorld.dc	✅
Elvish	HelloWorld.elv	✅
Expect	HelloWorld.exp	✅
fish	HelloWorld.fish	✅
Google Apps Script	Code.gs
JavaScript for Automation (JXA)	HelloWorld.js	✅
jq	HelloWorld.jq	✅
KiXtart	HelloWorld.kix
Korn shell	HelloWorld.ksh	✅
LibreOffice Basic	HelloWorld.bas
m4	HelloWorld.m4	✅
mIRC scripting	HelloWorld.mrc
Nushell	HelloWorld.nu	✅
rc (Plan 9 shell)	HelloWorld.rc	✅
sed	HelloWorld.sed	✅
VBA	HelloWorld.bas		Microsoft Office macros
Vim script	HelloWorld.vim	✅
Windows CMD (NT batch)	HelloWorld.cmd	✅
Xonsh	HelloWorld.xsh	✅
YSH (Oils)	HelloWorld.ysh	✅

Scientific, math & statistics

Numerical computing, computer algebra and statistics.

Language	File	CI	Notes
AMPL	HelloWorld.run	✅
BQN	HelloWorld.bqn	✅
GAP	HelloWorld.g	✅
GAUSS	HelloWorld.gss
GNU Octave	HelloWorld.m	✅
gnuplot	HelloWorld.gp	✅
IDL	HelloWorld.pro	✅
K	HelloWorld.k	✅
Macaulay2	HelloWorld.m2	✅
Magma	HelloWorld.m
Maple	HelloWorld.mpl
Maxima	HelloWorld.mac	✅
MiniZinc	HelloWorld.mzn	✅
Modelica	HelloWorld.mo	✅
Nial	HelloWorld.ndf	✅
PARI/GP	HelloWorld.gp	✅
REDUCE	HelloWorld.red	✅
SageMath	HelloWorld.sage	✅
Scilab	HelloWorld.sce	✅
SPSS Syntax	HelloWorld.sps	✅
Stan	HelloWorld.stan	✅
Stata	HelloWorld.do
Uiua	HelloWorld.ua	✅
Wolfram Language (Mathematica)	HelloWorld.wl	✅

Query languages

Databases, graphs and data querying.

Language	File	CI	Notes
Cypher	HelloWorld.cypher	✅
Datalog (Soufflé)	HelloWorld.dl	✅
DAX	HelloWorld.dax
Excel formula	HelloWorld.xlsx.txt	✅	type it into any cell
GraphQL	HelloWorld.graphql	🔧	schema plus query; the resolver returns "Hello World"
KQL (Kusto)	HelloWorld.kql
Natural	HELLO.nsp
OpenEdge ABL (Progress 4GL)	HelloWorld.p
PL/pgSQL	HelloWorld.sql	✅
Power Query M	HelloWorld.pq
SPARQL	HelloWorld.rq	✅
Splunk SPL	HelloWorld.spl
SQLite SQL	HelloWorld.sql	✅
XQuery	HelloWorld.xq	✅

Hardware, GPU & quantum

Hardware description, GPU kernels and quantum programs.

Language	File	CI	Notes
Amaranth HDL	hello_world.py	✅
Bluespec SystemVerilog	HelloWorld.bsv	✅
Chisel	HelloWorld.scala	🔧
CUDA	HelloWorld.cu	🔧
GLSL	HelloWorld.comp	🔧	Vulkan compute shader with debugPrintfEXT
HLSL	HelloWorld.hlsl	🔧
Metal Shading Language	HelloWorld.metal
OpenQASM	HelloWorld.qasm	🔧	quantum circuit; no text output
SystemC	HelloWorld.cpp	✅
WGSL	HelloWorld.wgsl	🔧	no text output; renders a solid color

Smart contracts

Blockchain and smart-contract languages.

Language	File	CI	Notes
Cairo	hello_world.cairo	✅
Clarity	hello-world.clar	🔧
ink! (Rust)	lib.rs	🔧
Michelson (Tezos)	hello_world.tz	✅
Move	hello_world.move	🔧
Sway (Fuel)	main.sw	🔧
Vyper	HelloWorld.vy	🔧
Yul	HelloWorld.yul	🔧

Game & embedded scripting

Languages embedded in game engines and applications.

Language	File	CI	Notes
AGS Script (Adventure Game Studio)	GlobalScript.asc
AngelScript	HelloWorld.as	✅
Arduino	HelloWorld.ino	🔧
BlitzBasic	HelloWorld.bb
ChaiScript	HelloWorld.chai	✅
GDScript (Godot)	hello_world.gd	✅
Gravity	HelloWorld.gravity	✅
Inform 7	story.ni	✅
LSL (Second Life)	HelloWorld.lsl	🔧
Luau (Roblox)	HelloWorld.luau	✅
MicroPython	main.py	✅
Minecraft function	hello.mcfunction	🔧
Papyrus (Skyrim)	HelloWorld.psc
PICO-8 Lua	hello.p8.lua
QuakeC	progs.qc	🔧
Ren'Py	script.rpy	🔧
Squirrel	HelloWorld.nut	✅
Teal	HelloWorld.tl	✅
UnrealScript	HelloWorld.uc
YueScript	HelloWorld.yue	✅
ZIL (Zork Implementation Language)	hello.zil	✅

Markup, templates & web

Documents, stylesheets and templates. They render or produce "Hello World" instead of printing it.

Language	File	CI	Notes
AsciiDoc	HelloWorld.adoc	✅
Astro	HelloWorld.astro	✅
Blade (Laravel)	hello.blade.php	✅
Classic ASP	HelloWorld.asp
CSS	HelloWorld.css	🔧
EJS	HelloWorld.ejs	✅
Encapsulated PostScript	HelloWorld.eps	✅
ERB (Embedded Ruby)	HelloWorld.erb	✅
Graphviz DOT	HelloWorld.dot	🔧
Haml	HelloWorld.haml	✅
Handlebars	HelloWorld.hbs	🔧
HTML	HelloWorld.html	✅
Jinja	HelloWorld.jinja	✅
JSP	HelloWorld.jsp	✅
JSX (React)	HelloWorld.jsx	✅
LaTeX	HelloWorld.tex	✅
Liquid	HelloWorld.liquid	✅
Markdown	HelloWorld.md	✅
MDX	HelloWorld.mdx	✅
Mermaid	HelloWorld.mmd	🔧
Mustache	HelloWorld.mustache	✅
Org mode	HelloWorld.org	✅
PlantUML	HelloWorld.puml	✅
Pug	HelloWorld.pug	✅
Razor (ASP.NET)	HelloWorld.cshtml	✅
reStructuredText	HelloWorld.rst	✅
RTF	HelloWorld.rtf	✅
Slim	HelloWorld.slim	✅
Svelte	HelloWorld.svelte	✅
SVG	HelloWorld.svg	✅
TeX (plain)	HelloWorld.tex	✅
troff / groff	HelloWorld.ms	✅
Twig	HelloWorld.twig	✅
Typst	HelloWorld.typ	✅
VRML	HelloWorld.wrl	🔧
Vue (SFC)	HelloWorld.vue	✅
XML	HelloWorld.xml	✅

Configuration, build & infrastructure

Build systems, configuration languages and infrastructure as code.

Language	File	CI	Notes
Ansible	hello-world.yml	✅
Apache Ant	build.xml	✅
Bicep	main.bicep	🔧
CMake	HelloWorld.cmake	✅
CUE	HelloWorld.cue	✅
Dhall	HelloWorld.dhall	✅
Dockerfile	Dockerfile	✅
GitHub Actions	hello-world.yml	🔧
Gradle Kotlin DSL	build.gradle.kts	✅
HCL (Terraform)	main.tf	✅
JSON	hello.json	✅
Jsonnet	HelloWorld.jsonnet	✅
just	justfile	✅
KCL	HelloWorld.k	✅
Make	Makefile	✅
Meson	meson.build	✅
Nickel	HelloWorld.ncl	✅
Nix	HelloWorld.nix	✅
Pkl	HelloWorld.pkl	✅
Puppet	hello_world.pp	✅
Rego (Open Policy Agent)	hello.rego	✅
Starlark (Bazel)	BUILD.bazel	✅
TOML	hello.toml	✅
YAML	hello.yaml	✅

Brazilian languages 🇧🇷

Languages created in Brazil or designed for programming in Portuguese. Some of them also appear in other tables.

Language	File	CI	Notes
BIRL	HelloWorld.birl	✅	keywords from bodybuilder Bambam's catchphrases
Elixir	HelloWorld.exs	✅	created by José Valim, 2012
G-Portugol	HelloWorld.gpt	✅	open source Portugol compiler, 2005
Lua	HelloWorld.lua	✅	PUC-Rio, 1993 — the most widely used Brazilian language
Portugol (VisuAlg)	HelloWorld.alg	✅	pseudocode used to teach programming in Brazil
Portugol Studio	HelloWorld.por	✅	UNIVALI
Potigol	HelloWorld.poti	✅	IFRN, functional language in Portuguese
Égua / Delégua	HelloWorld.egua	✅	Delégua is a fork of Égua and runs .egua files

Esoteric languages

Languages designed as jokes, puzzles or experiments.

Language	File	CI	Notes
ArnoldC	HelloWorld.arnoldc	✅
Befunge	HelloWorld.bf93	✅
BIRL	HelloWorld.birl	✅	keywords from bodybuilder Bambam's catchphrases
Brainfuck	HelloWorld.bf	✅
Chef	HelloWorld.chef	✅
COW	HelloWorld.cow	✅	generated from the Brainfuck program
Emojicode	HelloWorld.emojic	✅
FALSE	HelloWorld.f
GolfScript	HelloWorld.gs	✅
HQ9+	HelloWorld.hq9	✅	H prints "Hello, world!"
LOLCODE	HelloWorld.lol	✅
Ook!	HelloWorld.ook	✅	generated from the Brainfuck program
Piet	HelloWorld.txt		image-based; link to the canonical program
Pyth	HelloWorld.pyth	✅
Rockstar	HelloWorld.rock	✅
Shakespeare	HelloWorld.spl	✅
Unlambda	HelloWorld.unl	✅
Whitespace	HelloWorld.ws	✅

Running the tests

python3 scripts/hello.py check              # metadata, files and README are consistent
python3 scripts/hello.py test               # run every language whose toolchain is installed locally
python3 scripts/hello.py test --lang python --lang rust
python3 scripts/hello.py test --changed-since origin/master   # only languages changed on this branch
python3 scripts/hello.py readme             # regenerate this README from languages/*/language.json and */meta.json

Contributing

The catalog is organized by language, with one folder per algorithm inside it:

languages/<lang>/
├── language.json          # the language: name, section or TIOBE position, year, notes
├── hello-world/           # the startup-cost baseline every language has
│   ├── meta.json          # files and test of this implementation
│   └── HelloWorld.<ext>
└── <algorithm>/           # more classic algorithms (see docs/specs/010-algorithm-set)

1. Check the tables above: is the language already covered?
2. For a new language, create languages/<lang>/ (lowercase, hyphens) with a language.json:

   {"name": "Python", "section": "general", "notes": ""}

   section is one of: historical, modern, general, assembly, shells, scientific, query, hardware, blockchain, game, markup, config, esoteric.
3. Add the implementation in languages/<lang>/<algorithm>/ (hello-world first) with the program and a meta.json:

   {"files": ["HelloWorld.py"], "test": {"group": "base", "run": "python3 HelloWorld.py"}}

   test is optional: add it when the language can run on a GitHub runner. group is base (tools preinstalled on Ubuntu), apt (with an "apt": ["package"] list), extra (tools set up in the workflow), macos or windows, or docker (with a pinned "image"; run executes inside it). needs lists the commands that must exist (defaults to the first word of run). Set "kind": "compile" when the program cannot print and the test only checks that the official tool accepts it.
4. The program should be the idiomatic, minimal version for that language; Hello World prints (or displays) Hello World.
5. Run python3 scripts/hello.py readme and python3 scripts/hello.py check, then open a pull request.

Contributors

Maintained by @matbrgz.

License

MIT